Why bother eating well if I can't lose weight?

                I am taking a course this semester on obesity, and this week’s content is about dieting versus non-dieting approaches to obesity management. The dieting approach involves following a prescribed set of rules or guidelines that are intended to help a person with overweight lose weight. The non-dieting approach eschews that entire idea and posits that dieting does not work. Rather, it focuses on body acceptance and taking care of one’s health without the specific focus of weight loss.

                From my experience working with patients, it is clear that it is difficult to lose weight. You’d be surprised with how little some of my patients eat in attempts to lose weight. Sometimes, they lose weight slowly, and usually they regain it when their strict attempts become unbearable. Some of my patients do lose a significant amount of weight and are able to maintain their new weight, but this weight may still be in the overweight or obese category. I can think of only a handful of patients who were able to lose enough weight to enter the “normal weight” category.

                Healthy eating is a good idea for someone with overweight or obesity whether or not weigh loss is the outcome. Benefits of eating more fruits and vegetables extend to heart health, decreasing diabetes risk, and improving digestive health. Yes, weight loss might not happen or might not happen to the extent hoped, but I would advise my patients to take care of themselves by eating healthfully anyway! There is more to health than body weight.

How to choose a healthy yogurt

Regular yogurt have around 6 grams of protein per serving, but Greek yogurts can have up to 17 grams per serving. This makes it a great source of protein and it can be the protein source for your meal. Protein helps contribute to feelings of satiety after a meal, so it’s important to always have protein at a meal

Some yogurts have a lot of added sugar, often listed as various names such as sugar, cane sugar, fruit juice, juice concentrate, and honey. Plain yogurts, while they do contain the sugar naturally found in milk called lactose, they do not have any added sugars. You can add your own fresh or frozen fruit to yogurt for a sweeter treat.

Yogurts with live and active cultures contain probiotics. These are bacterial species that are good for health and can help promote adequate quantities of good bacteria so bad bacteria can’t flourish too much. Look for a package that says "live and active cultures" or lists the bacterial species in the ingredients. 

Yogurt contains calcium, which we need for our bone health. Regular yogurt actually has more calcium than Greek yogurt, because some calcium is lost when the whey is strained out to turn regular yogurt into Greek yogurt.

What's the Problem With Margarine?

What’s wrong with margarine?

1. The process of turning oils to margarine changes the chemical structure of the fats into trans fats. These fats act like saturated fats in our body. Saturated fat intake is associated with heart diseases.
2. Margarine is a high calorie food, so large amounts can contribute to excess calories in our diet.
3. Usually margarine is in foods that are not the healthiest…such as cakes, cookies, and pastries.

                Okay, okay, I know, most people do have treats every so often. Here are a few points to consider. Having margarine-containing foods as a regular and frequent part of the diet—that is not ideal. If you are baking at home, you can often substitute an oil for margarine, but you will have to decrease the amount and possibly alter other parts of the recipe. See my cookies post. I know that many people do not feel adventurous enough to do that. Instead, you can look for recipes that do not contain margarine (or other solid fat) to begin with. I guarantee you can find recipes that use oil for everything from cookies to fancy pastries. Remember that using oil instead of margarine does not make your dessert into a health food. You are just eliminating the negative effects that margarine has on heart health. Of course, occasionally having a dessert that contains margarine is not the end of the world, but recommended intake of trans fat is as close to zero as you can get.

Popcorn Attempt

                This past weekend, I had a few friends over, and I made some popcorn. It was bad popcorn. Think a tad charred and too salty. I had tried to make kettle corn. I have successfully made it in the past, but have not in the past many years. Standard kernels popped over the stove top in oil I can do. But adding sugar and caramelizing it to perfection without getting it burned—I can’t replicate my past results! This is where my popcorn ended up: in the garbage can.

popcorn that didn't work out

 How to pop popcorn kernels the simpler way:

1. You need a large pot. Cover the bottom with oil, and add 2 kernels of popcorn.
2. Heat on medium to high flame until both kernels pop.
3. Now add enough kernels to cover the bottom of the pot.
4. Once you hear the kernels start to pop, give the pot a shake every 10 seconds or so to prevent burning.
5. When the popping slows down, turn the stove off.
6. Pour the popcorn into a paper bag, sprinkle with salt, and shake well

                When you do that, you should get this:

                Onto the nutrition now. Popcorn itself is considered a whole grain. Three cups of air-popped popcorn contains 90 calories, 3 grams of protein, and 3 grams of fiber. Popcorn popped over the stove top in oil and microwave popcorn are another story. The added fats and/or sugar in those make the popcorn a high calorie food. The calorie content in those versions can be double or more the calories in air-popped popcorn. Be an educated eater!

                If anyone has advice on how to make kettle corn, let me know!

Is Soup Healthy?

                There is a health aura around soup. Often, when foods have a health aura, people are under the impression that there is no such thing as too much. Here are a few points to keep in mind to help you understand how soup can fit into your eating habits.

• Canned soups tend to be very high in sodium
• Homemade soups are often high in sodium—especially when powdered soup bases or soup bouillon cubes are used
• Flavoring your soup with herbs and spices and going light on the salt will yield a lower sodium soup
• Potato soup, butternut squash soup, bean/legume soup, and other soups with a starchy vegetable as the base will be higher in carbohydrates and have more calories than a soup made from only non-starchy vegetables
• A soup with beans, chickpeas, or other legumes will often be more filling, as it has a lot of fiber and some protein
• A soup that is only a broth will have close to zero calories, but it will not keep you satiated for long
• Cream soups can be high in calories because of the fat content of the butter and cream in them
• Adding croutons adds calories from carbohydrates and fat
• A soup that contains protein, vegetables, and a carbohydrate can be a full meal

                In the comments section, let me know what questions you have about nutrition for soups. 

How Much Coffee Can I Drink?

                The media have so much to say about coffee these days. Is it safe? Maybe it is even healthy? In general, the only question about coffee’s safety comes from its caffeine content. It is considered safe for most adults to have 400mg of caffeine per day. People with heart conditions or other medical conditions may have a lower safe limit. Supplements that contain caffeine can pose a risk to some—with high enough intake of those, there is risk of caffeine toxicity.      In the day to day life of a coffee drinker, it will take about 4 cups of coffee to reach the recommended daily limit.

                Research has actually shown a link between coffee intake and decreased risk of some disease such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, research has not been able to confirm a link between coffee intake and increased risk for diseases. Still, there is not enough evidence to encourage non-drinkers to start drinking.

                What is the bottom line? I would say that coffee is okay in moderation. Just watch out for what comes with it…sugar, creamer, whole milk, and the flavor syrups. Once those are added, coffee goes from being an okay option to a high-calorie, high-sugar choice. 

Grocery List: Some of the Cheapest and Most Nutritious Foods

• Beans (dry beans have no sodium while canned beans do)
• lentils
• chickpeas (dry chickpeas have no sodium while canned beans do)
• oatmeal (the large canisters are cheaper and do not have added sugar, unlike some of the individual oatmeal packets)
• popcorn kernels (air popping is a no-fat added method to prepare)
• milk
• yogurt (the store brand will be cheaper, plain yogurt will not have sugar added)
• cottage cheese (the store brand will be cheaper)
• eggs
• peanuts or natural peanut butter (choose the peanut butter that only has peanuts and salt as the ingredients)
• canned tuna fish
• cabbage
• potatoes
• sweet potatoes
• summer squash (green or yellow zucchini)
• winter squash
• beets
• onions
• tomatoes
• apples
• bananas
• in-season fruit
• frozen berries, strawberries, etc
• lettuce
• carrots
• canned tomatoes
• frozen mixed vegetables, broccoli, cauliflower, carrots, spinach, kale, etc (the ones with sauce will have added fat and sodium; the plain ones are just that—plain vegetables)
• brown rice
• while wheat pasta
• water

In the comments section, let me know which foods you have found to be inexpensive. 

Tips for Healthy Holiday Eating

                Happy post-Thanksgiving! Many people struggle with healthy eating on holidays. Often, they decide that it’s a holiday and they will just enjoy it. That usually means eating many foods in larger quantities. As a dietitian, I wonder what to advise my patients on this topic. Should I just say, “it’s a holiday, it does not happen often, just enjoy?” Or, should I encourage my patients to continue to make healthy choices every day?

                Somehow, a holiday is not just one day. The holiday has become holiday season, and the holiday treats are eaten for weeks in advance of the actual special day. It ends up becoming a challenge during the entire month… But in truth, it is the same challenge the whole year. We are always inundated with treats, snacks, and yummy food. It is hard to stay away from tempting food when it is right in front of us.

                Here are some strategies on making healthy choices all year round...but especially when the holidays are here.

• Don’t buy it! If it’s not in your house, you won’t eat it
• Stock up on healthy foods
• Check out restaurant menus before you dine, and see if you can find some healthier choices; some places post their nutrition facts online
• Split your restaurant meal with someone
• Share your plate of dessert
• Plan ahead and choose the treats that you’d like to eat rather than tasting some of everything
• Start your day with a healthy breakfast; saving your calories for a big meal usually does not work
• Choose water, flavored water, and flavored seltzer rather than soda
• Don’t stop your healthy routines such as exercise
• Bring a healthy dish to a potluck

In the comments below, please share your healthy eating strategies for the holiday season.

Raw Honey...Is it Better?

                One of my readers asked me a very interesting question: “Is raw honey better than processed honey?” My answer is “No.” Okay, that is the end of this blog.

                Just kidding! I’ll give you a bit more information. Most people would say honey is raw if it was not heated or processed in another way. There are claims that raw honey is better because it has some pollen that is removed when honey is heated and filtered. While it is true that heating and filtering the honey will reduce the pollen content in it, a study that was presented as an abstract at a conference showed that this did not change the nutrient content of the honey[1]. That is to say, the micronutrient and antioxidant content was the same before and after it was heated and filtered. Regarding the benefits of pollen, I had difficulty finding any studies that showed definite health benefits of bee pollen.

                The reason why I almost did not want to give this explanation is because I do not like to focus on the insignificant differences between two items. Somehow, the media picks up on these “nutrition” issues and focuses on them. Then, we as consumers are led to believe that we need to start being concerned about differences between types of honey.

What if there was a difference between the two honeys? Do you think you are eating enough of it for the difference between the little amounts of micronutrients to actually affect your health? If you have concerns about whether or not you are getting enough vitamins, minerals, or antioxidants, the answer is to eat more fruits and vegetables, not to choose a honey that might have a drop more micronutrients than the other one! And quite frankly, honey is another type of sugar, so honey should not be eaten in large quantities anyway.

You may wonder, maybe there are health benefits of pollen—there are some studies that seem to seem to indicate some sort of link. Well, perhaps there might some health benefits that have not yet been clarified by research, but I do know some nutrition changes that are actually supported by a lot of high quality literature—eating more fruits and vegetables, drinking less soda, and eating less red meat. Perhaps these may be areas of nutrition change that can be more impactful on our health than eating raw honey.

                This is a theme in how I practice nutrition: We need to be looking at our overall diet to determine its quality. Am I eating vegetables a few times per day? Am I choosing whole grains and other foods with fiber? Am I choosing beverages that do not contain sugar? Am I eating food that tastes good and is good for my health? Let’s focus on the main stuff before moving on the “extra credit” of nutrition.

                Check out this link for my blog about the basics of good nutrition.

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[1] Beals K, Ropa D. Effects of processing on the pollen and nutrient content of honey. The FACEB Journal. April 2013. vol. 27 no. 1 Supplement 859.7.

Snacks

                What is a healthy snack? What is a snack anyway?  Any food can be a snack. Strictly speaking, a snack is something we eat between meals. Remember, though, that we don’t necessarily need to be eating between meals. Sometimes we eat between meals out of habit. For example, every day I eat a cheese stick at 10am, so today I will also eat a cheese stick at 10am. I may or may not even be hungry. From a nutrition standpoint, the goal of a snack is provide necessary energy and nutrients between meals. Snacks can also prevent us from getting too hungry before the next meal. This is important, because when we are too hungry, it becomes very hard to make good decisions of what to eat and how much to eat at the next meal.  A general guideline is that most people need to eat every 3-4 hours or so. If your meals are 4 hours apart, a snack between them is likely not necessary. It is generally a good idea to have a snack if you would be going 6-8 hours between meals.

                Now I can move on to what a healthy snack is. (As a disclaimer, this may not apply to you if you have a medical condition that changes your nutrition requirements.) In general, a healthy snack will have protein or fiber in it. That is important because both of those nutrients help us stay full. Usually a snack is fairly low in calories so it does not become a meal by itself.  

                Below you will find a list of suggested ideas for snacks. Notice that they all contain different amounts of nutrients and calories.

	Calories	Carbs (g)	Fiber (g)	Protein (g)	Fat (g)
1 hardboiled  egg	70	0	0	7	4
¼ cup peanuts	207	6	3	9	18
½ cup almonds	207	8	5	8	18
½ can tuna fish with ½ Tbsp mayo on 2 rice cakes	195	80	3	18	7
1 Tbsp nut butter on 1 slice whole grain bread	177	18	3	8	9
6oz low fat plain Greek yogurt	125	7	0	17	3
6oz low fat plain Greek yogurt with 4 strawberries	140	11	1	17	3
1 low fat cheese stick	50	1	0	7	3
1 cup 1% milk	102	12	0	8	2
½ cup low fat cottage cheese	81	3	0	14	1
1 cup carrot strips	50	11	3	1	0
1 cup pepper sticks	18	4	2	1	0
1 Tbsp hummus with 1 cup carrot sticks	75	13	4	2	1
10 cherry tomatoes	31	7	2	2	0
¼ packed cup raisins	123	33	2	1	0
1 cup grapes	62	16	1	1	0
1 medium apple	95	25	4	0	0
1 medium banana	105	27	3	1	0
1 medium orange	62	15	3	1	0
2 cups air popped popcorn	62	12	2	2	1

                In the comments section below, let me know which snacks you are interested in learning the nutrition information for.

Comparison of Different Fats

Nutrition Information for 1 Tablespoon of Various Fats[1]

	Calories	Fat (g)	Saturated fat (g)	Mono- unsaturated fat (g)	Poly-unsaturated fat (g)	Trans fat (g)
Coconut oil	121	13.5	11.2	0.9	0.2	0
Butter	102	11.5	7.3	3.0	0.4	0.5
Palm oil	120	13.6	6.7	5.0	1.3
Chicken fat	115	12.8	3.8	5.8	2.7
Margarine	100	11.2	2.3	5.3	3.1	2.8
Peanut oil	119	13.5	2.3	6.2	4.3
Soybean oil	120	13.6	2.1	3.1	7.9	1.2
Vegetable oil	120	13.6	2.1	3.1	7.8	0.1
Olive oil	119	13.5	1.8	9.9	1.4
Avocado oil	124	14	1.6	9.9	1.9
Sunflower oil	120	13.6	1.3	6.2	5.5
Canola oil	124	14	1.0	8.9	3.9	0.1
Safflower oil	120	13.6	0.8	2.0	10

                Here we have it…the nutrition content of common fats. Fats and oils are all around 120 calories per tablespoon. You will notice that butter is lower. That is because butter is a water-in-oil emulsion, and the water content does not contribute calories.

The main nutritional difference between the other fats is the proportion of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats. Excessive intake of saturated fat and trans fat is associated with heart problems, while unsaturated fats are beneficial to our heart health.

One easy way to tell if a fat is high in saturated fat is if it is solid at room temperature. All fats that are solid at room temperature have higher content of saturated fat. The first five fats on the list are solid at room temperature, and their saturated fat content is the highest of the fats on the list.

One surprising fact is that there are two vegetable fats on this list that are high in saturated fat. Many times we think that if something is from a plant it is automatically better for us. Yet, based on the saturated fat content, there are other fats that are better for our heart health.

Another easy trap to fall into is the health aura that surrounds some plant foods. The fact that a food is a plant and has nutrients in it that are healthy for us is not a good enough reason to eat as much as we desire. A great example of this is the avocado. The avocado is a fruit that is high in many vitamins and minerals. Additionally, it is high in monounsaturated fats. Yet, because of that, it is definitely a high-fat food—75% of its calories are from fat. A whole avocado can have 220-370 calories! While definitely a healthy choice of a fat source, it is important to remember about portion sizes. As a reference point, a half cup of avocado cubes is about 120 calories. Next time you are making a salad, measure it out with a measuring cup…you may be in for a surprise!

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[1] USDA Food Composition Databases. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed October 11, 2017. < https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list>